I accept the point that whenever learning
occurs, some medium or mix of media
must be present to deliver instruction.
However, if learning occurs as a
result of exposure to any media, the
learning is caused by the
instructional method embedded in
the media presentation. Method is the
inclusion of one of a number of possible
representations of a cognitive process or
strategy that is necessary for learning
but which students cannot or will not
provide for themselves.
References:
Clark, R. E. (1994). Media will never
influence learning. Educational
technology research and
development, 42(2), 21-29.
Media do not influence learning. Learning
takes place because of the instructional
methods represented in the medium
which are used, rather than medium
itself. It is the instructional methods
which influence learning.
References:
Clark, R. E. (1994). Media will never
influence learning. Educational
technology research and
development, '42(2), 21-29.