The Wilson cycle describes the life and death of an ocean in four stages: embryonic, juvenile, mature, declining, terminal, and suturing.
The cyclical opening and closing of ocean basins is caused by Earth's tectonic movement. The Wilson cycle begins with a rising plume of magma and crustal weakening. The Wilson cycle is named after Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson.
When the crust thins due to extensional tectonic processes, sediments accumulate at the margins of an ocean basin. Subduction then begins on one of the ocean basin's margins, causing the ocean basin to narrow. As the crust begins to thin again, a new cycle begins.
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