The process of using a generalization to search for facts supporting that generalization is known as inductive reasoning.
Going from the specific to the general is a technique which we call inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning, in which you draw specific conclusions from a body of broad knowledge, is typically contrasted with the former. Bottom-up reasoning or inductive logic are some other names for the process.
Deductive reasoning takes a top-down method, whereas inductive reasoning takes a bottom-up approach. Deductive reasoning draws inferences by moving from general premises to specific conclusions, whereas inductive reasoning moves from the specific to the general.
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