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An action potential is generated by the movement of positive ions
Action potentials are short electrical signals that neurons use to interact with one another. The movement of certain ions into and out of the neuron causes these fleeting changes in the voltage across the membrane. The membrane is primarily permeable to K+ when the body is at rest, which causes the membrane potential to form. In response to depolarization, an action potential starts at the axon hillock. An electrical stimulus causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open during depolarization. The positive charge of the sodium ions causes them to rush back into the cell, shifting the potential there from negative to more positive. An action potential is generated when a threshold potential is met. Only once a threshold has been met will action potentials happen.
Following depolarization, voltage-gated sodium ion channels start to shut. Voltage-gated potassium channels open as a result of the positive potential inside the cell, and K+ ions then exit the cell via their electrochemical gradient. The membrane potential shifts more negatively and begins to get closer to the resting potential as the K+ leaves the cell.
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