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For positive integer n, defined
[tex] \rm f(n) = n + \frac{16 + 5n - 3 {n}^{2} }{4n + 3 {n}^{2} } + \frac{32 + n - 3 {n}^{2} }{8n + {3n}^{2} } + \frac{48 - 3n - 3 {n}^{2} }{1 2n+3 {n}^{2} } + \cdots + \frac{25 {n} - 7n^{2} }{7 {n}^{2} } [/tex]
Then, the value of [tex] \displaystyle\rm\lim_{n \to \infty } [/tex] is equal to


Sagot :

Following the first term [tex]n[/tex], the [tex]k[/tex]-th term [tex]\left(k\in\{1,2,3,\ldots,n\}\right)[/tex] in [tex]f(n)[/tex] is given by

[tex]\dfrac{16k + (9-4k)n - 3n^2}{4kn + 3n^2}[/tex]

That is,

[tex]k=1 \implies \dfrac{16 + (9-4)n - 3n^2}{4n + 3n^2} = \dfrac{16 + 5n - 3n^2}{4n + 3n^2}[/tex]

[tex]k=2 \implies \dfrac{16\cdot2 + (9-8)n - 3n^2}{4\cdot2n + 3n^2} = \dfrac{32 + n - 3n^2}{8n + 3n^2}[/tex]

and so on, up to

[tex]k=n \implies \dfrac{16n + (9-4n)n - 3n^2}{4n^2 + 3n^2} = \dfrac{25n - 7n^2}{7n^2}[/tex]

We then have

[tex]\displaystyle f(n) = n + \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{16k + (9-4k)n - 3n^2}{4kn + 3n^2} \\\\ ~~~~~~~ = n + \frac1n \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{16\frac kn + 9}{4\frac kn + 3} - \frac1n \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{4kn + 3n^2}{4k + 3n} \\\\ ~~~~~~~ = n + \frac1n \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{16\frac kn + 9}{4\frac kn + 3}- \frac1n \sum_{k=1}^n n \\\\ ~~~~~~~ = \frac1n \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{16\frac kn + 9}{4\frac kn + 3}[/tex]

Now as [tex]n\to\infty[/tex], the right side converges to a definite integral.

[tex]\displaystyle \lim_{n\to\infty} f(n) = \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac1n \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{16\frac kn + 9}{4\frac kn + 3} \\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \,= \int_0^1 \frac{16x + 9}{4x + 3} \, dx[/tex]

Wrap up by substituting [tex]x\mapsto\frac{x-3}4[/tex].

[tex]\displaystyle \lim_{n\to\infty} f(n) = \frac14 \int_0^1 \frac{16x + 9}{4x + 3} \, dx \\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~\, = \frac14 \int_3^7 \frac{4x - 3}x \, dx \\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~\, = \frac14 \int_3^7 \left(4 - \frac3x\right) \, dx \\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~\, = \left. \frac14 (4x - 3\ln|x|) \right\vert_3^7\\\\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~\, = \boxed{4 + \frac34 \ln\left(\frac37\right)}[/tex]