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Sagot :
It is false that an advantageous mutation is more likely to get fixed in a population through genetic drift than is a deleterious mutation.
Genetic drift is described as the random change in the frequency of a mutation in a population from generation to generation induced by the population's finite size. Most beneficial mutations are lost owing to genetic drift; however, some somewhat damaging mutations may become permanent.
It takes a long time to detect a significant influence of genetic drift on allele frequencies in large, unthreatened populations; genetic diversity indicates a balance between mutation and natural selection. When natural selection is much less than one, drift can counter selection, and alleles behave as if they are neutral. As a result of this process, small populations may exhibit more maladaptation (i.e., a mismatch between environment and mean phenotype) than larger populations. Mildly harmful mutations, on the other hand, will likely accumulate in small populations since selection is unsuccessful at eliminating them. This can result in a'mutational meltdown,' in which harmful mutations drive down population growth rate (and size), rendering the population more susceptible to subsequent mutation fixation.
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