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When a process is in Running state, it may be moved by the CPU scheduling algorithm when it is determined that the process may next use the CPU. This can happen for a variety of reasons, including when the process is preempted by another process or when the process itself voluntarily relinquishes the CPU.
There are two types of process Scheduling algorithms- those that preempt running processes, and those that don't. The preemptive scheduling algorithms are further classified as either voluntary or involuntary.
Voluntary algorithms allow a process to voluntarily relinquish the CPU before its time slice is complete- usually in response to an event like an I/O completion. Involuntary algorithms preempt a running process and move it to a waiting state when another process needs the CPU.
The most common involuntary algorithms are priority-based. A process with a higher priority is given the CPU first, regardless of when it last ran. If two processes have the same priority, then the process that has been waiting the longest is given the CPU next.
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