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If liquid water at 30 degrees Celsius is flowing in a pipe and the pressure drops to the vapor pressure, the water starts to boil
- In any liquid kept inside an evacuated chamber, the molecules of the liquid which have high kinetic energy enough to allow them to escape the surface of the liquid, turn into vapor. These molecules in the vapor phase start exerting pressure on the surface of the liquid and this pressure exerted by the vapor of same liquid is termed as the vapor pressure.
- The vapor pressure is very important parameter to decide the boiling point of the liquid. When the vapor pressure becomes equal to the pressure exerted by the surrounding atmosphere on the liquid, the liquid starts to boil irrespective of the temperature. The temperature at which vapor pressure becomes equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure is known as the boiling point of the liquid
- In the given problem, the liquid water which is flowing inside the pipe observes the pressure drop to vapor pressure. As soon as the pressure of liquid water drops to vapor pressure the liquid water will start to boil even at 300C.
- According to Bernoulli's theorem when the flow velocity increases, the pressure at that point drops. This increment in flow velocity may be due to reduction in cross-sectional area also. The reduction in pressure to the vapor pressure leads to boiling of the liquid and small vapor bubbles start to form. These vapor bubbles travel with the flowing liquid and collapse at the high-pressure zone resulting in damage to the metallic surface. This phenomenon is known as cavitation. Thus, in order to avoid cavitation, the pressure at any point in the flowing liquid should not drop to vapor pressure
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