The Right answer is allopatric speciation through dispersal.
Geographic speciation, vicariant speciation, or its earlier name the dumell model: 86 are other names for allopatric speciation, which is a mode of speciation that happens when biological populations become geographically isolated from one another to the point where it prevents or interferes with gene flow.
There are many other geographic changes that can occur, including the migration of continents and the emergence of mountains, islands, water bodies, and glaciers. The distribution of species populations can also shift as a result of human activities like agriculture or development. These elements have the potential to significantly alter a region's geography, dividing a species' population into several subpopulations. The vicariant populations then endure genetic alterations as a result of differing selective pressures, genetic drift, and accumulation of various mutations in the gene pools of the separated populations. Reproductive isolation results from the barriers that limit the exchange of genetic information between the two populations.
Thus, Dispersal, which happens when a few individuals of a species travel to a different region, or vicariance, which happens when a natural occurrence, such the development of a river or valley, physically divides organisms, are the two ways that allopatric speciation events might take place.
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