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Samra's guardians invested money for her into a 529 College Savings Plan, which compounds annually. The growth of the savings plan per year, x, can be represented by the exponential function f(x) = 400(1.02)x. What is the meaning of the y-intercept in the context of the problem?

The initial value of the investment is $400.
The principal amount put into the savings plan is $1.02.
The percent rate of change is 400%.
The average rate of change that is occurring is 1.02.