4. In the sentence, "That is why everywhere in Russia, in the Ukraine, and in Lithuania, the
Einsatzgruppen carried out the Final Solution by turning their machine guns on more than
a million Jews, men, women, and children, and throwing them into huge mass graves,
dug just moments before by the victims themselves," the word Einsatzgruppen most
likely means which of the following?
a. Workers from the United Nations peacekeeping corps
b. Local resistance fighters who fought the Nazis
c. The cultural elite of those various countries
d. SS (Nazi) paramilitary death squads