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When scientists studied fossils from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, the evidence suggested that there was an original population of fish that later evolved into two separate species, a phenomenon known as speciation. Today, each of these two fish species can be found living in two different ponds that are near each other. The separated
populations carry different traits that distinguish them from each other and from the original ancient species. These different traits most likely evolved from multiple DNA mutations that created distinguishable traits and provided an increase in reproductive success. Figure 1 shows a simplified model of this change in species.
Which of the following best explains how the DNA mutations can affect species like the fish population studied in Death Valley?
A. DNA mutations only occur when species are in need of a new adaptation. This ensures species are perfectly suited to their environment.
B. )DNA mutations decrease the genetic variation of the population. This allows evolution to predict which traits will be needed within their environment.
C.) DNA mutations increase the genetic variation of the population. This gives natural selection the opportunity to select for traits that give organisms an advantage in their environment.
D.)DNA mutations occur on demand when organisms need a new adaptation for a changing environment. This gives species an adaptation that increases their chances of survival in their
environment
