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Clarice is doing a science experiment. She has a beaker containing 10 grams of sugar. She adds 5 grams of a mystery substance. After mixing the two together, a solid is produced and the container becomes very hot. No gases are released.

1. How many grams of the new substance should Clarice expect there to be in the jar at the end of the experiment?

2. What law supports this answer?

3. Explain how the law supports your answer.