Allen's hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin) has been studied by zoologist Bill Alther.† Suppose a small group of 13 Allen's hummingbirds has been under study in Arizona. The average weight for these birds is x = 3.15 grams. Based on previous studies, we can assume that the weights of Allen's hummingbirds have a normal distribution, with = 0.26 gram.
When finding an 80% confidence interval, what is the critical value for confidence level? (Give your answer to two decimal places.)
zc =
(a)
Find an 80% confidence interval for the average weights of Allen's hummingbirds in the study region. What is the margin of error? (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
lower limit
upper limit
margin of error
(b)
What conditions are necessary for your calculations? (Select all that apply.)
normal distribution of weights
is unknown
uniform distribution of weights
n is large
is known

(c)
Interpret your results in the context of this problem.
We are 20% confident that the true average weight of Allen's hummingbirds falls within this interval.
We are 80% confident that the true average weight of Allen's hummingbirds falls within this interval.
The probability that this interval contains the true average weight of Allen's hummingbirds is 0.20.
The probability that this interval contains the true average weight of Allen's hummingbirds is 0.80.
(d)
Which equation is used to find the sample size n for estimating when is known?

n =

z
E
2


n =

z E

2



n =

z
E

n =

z E

Find the sample size necessary for an 80% confidence level with a maximal margin of error E = 0.11 for the mean weights of the hummingbirds. (Round up to the nearest whole number.)
hummingbirds