The ideas of Francis Bacon and René Descartes led to a new scientific method because they both believed that
A. the discoveries of the ancient philosophers were valid but should be documented in a modern way.
B. truth could only be determined after a process of investigation. C. the traditional teachings of the Church should form the basis of all scientific inquiry.
D. basic scientific fact is obvious to those who look hard enough at available data.


How did the discoveries of Copernicus and other astronomers affect the way people viewed the universe?
A. Their experiments proved that the ancient classical astronomers had been correct about how the universe functioned.
B. Their observations supported the Ptolemaic view of the universe.
C. Their discoveries reinforced traditional Church teachings on the relationship between Earth and the stars and other planets.
D. Their observations proved that the universe was heliocentric.