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Researchers were interested in the relationship between
farmers' approach to their cows and the cows' milk yield.
After surveying a random sample of 120 farmers, the
researchers found that on farms where cows were called
by name, milk yield was 258 liters higher on average
than on farms where this was not the case.
Can we conclude that calling the cows by name
caused the cows to produce more milk? Why?