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show how the microbial cell employs its genetic information (gene expression) to produce protein and gene products. explain the general process of transcription and translation including the major steps of initiation, elongation and termination).

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At the promoter region, RNA polymerase initiates the process by separating the DNA strands and connecting the RNA nucleotides as they base pair with the DNA template.

  • When the polymerase descends, it breaks down the DNA and stretches the RNA transcript to its third prime end. The strand starts to form a double helix as this happens. The RNA transcript is released during termination, and the polymerase breaks its connection to the DNA.
  • Transduction eliminates the need for cell-to-cell interaction by using a virus called a bacteriophage to function as a conduit for moving bacteria genes from one cell to another. Transduction can be divided into two categories: generalized transduction and specialized transduction.

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