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Each of the following molecules is processed by glycolysis to lactate. How much ATP is generated from each molecule?
(a) Glucose 6 -phosphate
(b) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
(c) Glyceraldehyde 3 -phosphate
(d) Fructose
(e) Sucrose


Sagot :

(A) Glucose 6 -phosphate ; ATP is created by converting glucose 6-phosphate to lactate 3. As seen in the image, the purple shaded section is repeated twice (since DHAP is isomerized to PGAL), resulting in the generation of four ATPs.

When fructose 6 phosphate is transformed to fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate, one of these four is used. As a result, the net yield is 3 ATP.

(B) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ; Two ATPs are created from dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Because the cycle only happens once, either from DHAP or PGAL (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate),

(C) Glyceraldehyde 3 -phosphate;  Two ATPs are created. Because the cycle only happens once, either from DHAP or PGAL (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate),

(D) Fructose;  Two ATPs are created from fructose. Fructose is first turned into fructose 1-phosphate, which is then transformed into glyceraldehyde. Glyceraldehyde is converted to glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate.

(E) Sucrose: 4 ATPs are created from sugar. Sucrose is broken down into glucose and fructose. 2 ATPs from glucose to pyruvate + 2 ATPs from fructose to pyruvate = 4 ATPs overall. (The net glycolysis yield is two ATPs. 4 ATPs are created and 2 are consumed, for a total of 4 ATPs.

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