When Chicago experienced very high rates of cholera and typhoid fever in the mid-1800s, who primarily defined and developed solutions to the problems?

a.
the state level environmental protection agency

b.
public health officials and engineers

c.
environmental scientists and lawyers

d.
the federal level environmental protection agency

2 points

QUESTION 42

Which statement is accurate regarding cost control in countries other than the U.S.?

a.
Each payer tries to negotiate better prices by threatening to take its business to other providers of care.

b.
Most hospitals and physicians collect revenues from many payers on many different terms.

c.
Providers of care are encouraged to buy new equipment and expand their facilities to increase costs and revenues.

d.
If there are multiple payers, the terms of payment from each payer is much the same.

2 points

QUESTION 43

The relative importance of each decision heuristic tends to shift as issues evolve over time. Often the last to become salient is ____.

a.
comparison by analogy

b.
substitution

c.
comparison by metaphor

d.
categorization

2 points

QUESTION 44

Looking at health care in other countries can ____.

a.
provide caution against believing a problem can be easily solved

b.
always increase the possible solutions to a policy problem

c.
prove which health care system is best in terms of quality

d.
establish precise cause and effect relationships in U.S. policies

2 points

QUESTION 45

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded that "new and stronger evidence [demonstrates] that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to ____."

a.
human activities

b.
developing countries

c.
the natural exchange of carbon dioxide among the atmosphere, the oceans, and land vegetation

d.
industrial growth in China