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Numerical Integration Estimate the surface area of the oil spill using the Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson's Rule. Using a Tangent Line In Exercises 61-64, set up and evaluate the definite integral that gives the area of the region bounded by the graph of the function and the tangent line to the graph at the given point. f(x) = x^3, (1, 1) y = x^3 - 2x. (-1, 1) f(x) = 1/x^2 + 1, (1, 1/2) y = 2/1 + 4x^2, (1/2, 1)

Sagot :

The area is 0.25

What is a tangent line?

The straight line that "just touches" the curve at a particular location is known as the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve in geometry. It was described by Leibniz as the path connecting two points on a curve that are infinitely near together.  A straight line has a slope of f'(c), where f' is the derivative of f, and is said to be tangent to a curve at a point x = c if it passes through the point (c, f(c)) on the curve. Space curves and curves in n-dimensional Euclidean space have a similar definition.

[tex]$\begin{aligned}& f^{\prime}(x)=\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} x}\left[x^3-2 x\right] \\& f^{\prime}(x)=\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} x}\left[x^3\right]-\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d} x}[2 x] \quad \text { Sum } / \text { Rest rule } \\& f^{\prime}(x)=3 x^{3-1}-2 \quad \text { Power rule } \\& f^{\prime}(x)=3 x^2-2 \\&\end{aligned}$[/tex]

Now finding tangent for a=-1,

[tex]\begin{aligned}& y=f^{\prime}(a)(x-a)+f(a) \\& y=f^{\prime}(-1)(x+1)+f(-1) \\& y=\left(3(-1)^2-2\right)(x+1)+(-1)^3-2(-1) \\& \mathbf{y}=\mathbf{x}+\mathbf{2}\end{aligned}$[/tex]

For the first area,

[tex]$\begin{aligned}& A_1: \int_{-2}^{-\sqrt{2}} x+2 d x=\frac{1}{2} x^2+\left.2 x\right|_{-2} ^{-\sqrt{2}} \\& A_1=\frac{1}{2}(-\sqrt{2})^2+2(-\sqrt{2})-\left(\frac{1}{2}(-2)^2+2(-2)\right) \\& A_1=\mathbf{3}-\mathbf{2} \sqrt{\mathbf{2}} \text { squared units } \\& \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{1}} \approx \mathbf{0 . 1 7 1 5 7 2 8 7 6} \ldots\end{aligned}$[/tex]

For the second area,

[tex]$\begin{aligned}& A_2: \int_{-\sqrt{2}}^{-1} x+2-\left(x^3-2 x\right) d x=-\frac{1}{4} x^4+\frac{3}{2} x^2+\left.2 x\right|_{-\sqrt{2}} ^{-1} \\& A_2=-\frac{1}{4}(-1)^4+\frac{3}{2}(-1)^2+2(-1)-\left(-\frac{1}{4}(-\sqrt{2})^4+\frac{3}{2}(-\sqrt{2})^2+2(-\sqrt{2})\right) \\& A_2=-\frac{\mathbf{1 1}}{\mathbf{4}}+\mathbf{2} \sqrt{\mathbf{2}} \text { squared units } \\& \mathbf{A}_{\mathbf{2}} \approx \mathbf{0 . 0 7 8 4 2 7 1 2 4} \ldots .\end{aligned}$[/tex]

Hence, required area is

[tex]$\begin{aligned}& A=A_1+A_2 \\& A=3-2 \sqrt{2}-\frac{11}{4}+2 \sqrt{2} \\& \mathbf{A}=\frac{\mathbf{1}}{\mathbf{4}}=\mathbf{0 . 2 5}\end{aligned}$[/tex]

The area is 0.25

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