reactant: iPrcl, reagent: Mg, solvent: CH3CH2OCH2CH3, used to synthesize the alkyl lithium reagent
The most prevalent carbanion reagents used in laboratory-scale synthetic chemistry are alkyllithium, alkylaluminum, and alkylmagnesium compounds; boron and silicon have very little carbanion character. The polarity of the resulting functional group is inverted since the functional carbon atom has been decreased (an originally electrophilic carbon becomes nucleophilic). Alkyl lithium and Grignard reagents are now excellent nucleophiles and helpful reactants in synthesis, as demonstrated in the modification below. Due to alkyl groups' contribution of electrons to nitrogen's more electronegative atoms, alkylamines are more basic than ammonia. Due to this inductive effect, the alkylamine nitrogen's electron density is higher than the nitrogen in ammonium.
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