Before recently, the CO2 levels varied between 150 ppm and 250 ppm before rising dramatically.
Which successional stage is the oldest?
The forest, sometimes known as the climax stage, is the first stage of a succession performance. A lichen is an example of an early species that can be found in habitats like a forest.
What caused the environment of the peppered moth to alter, and how?
Urban tree trunks and buildings had turned black due to sooty air pollution brought on by industrialization and home coal fires, which also killed out lichens. Thus, the melanic form of the moth was better hidden and more likely to live and create progeny, whereas the pale form was now more visible to predators.
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