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Sagot :
A vertical shift is a movement up or down the y-axis, and it's represented by a change in the value of the y-intercept. A horizontal shift is a movement left or right along the x-axis, and in the equation of a function it's a change in the value of x before it's multiplied by the slope.
Vertical Shifts
One simple kind of transformation involves shifting the entire graph of a function up, down, right, or left. The simplest shift is a vertical shift, moving the graph up or down, because this transformation involves adding a positive or negative constant to the function. In other words, we add the same constant to the output value of the function regardless of the input. For a function
g(x) =f(x)+k, the function f(x) is shifted vertically k units.
Horizontal Shifts
We just saw that the vertical shift is a change to the output, or outside, of the function. We will now look at how changes to input, on the inside of the function, change its graph and meaning. A shift to the input results in a movement of the graph of the function left or right in what is known as a horizontal shift,
Given a function f, a new function g(x)=f(x−h) , where h is a constant, is a horizontal shift of the function f . If h is positive, the graph will shift right. If h is negative, the graph will shift left.
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