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Sagot :
Cancer is caused by a malfunction in DNA, component of cellular programming that regulates growth and reproduction. Cancer Genome Project's study has found most cancer cells have 60 or more mutations.
When enough mutations occur in the different genes that regulate cell proliferation, cells become malignant. Finding out which of these mutations causes a given type of cancer is a difficulty for medical researchers. The majority of the mutations found in these cells have little to no bearing on the development of cancer, thus this procedure is comparable to looking for the proverbial needle in a haystack. Other cancer-related mutations turn off the genes that control cell division or that alert cells to undergo apoptosis. These genes, known as tumor suppressor genes, often act as growth inhibitors, and it takes a mutation in both copies of a gene in a cell for uncontrolled cell division to take place. For instance, p53, a multifunctional protein that typically detects DNA damage and functions as a transcription factor for checkpoint regulatory genes, is carried by many cancer cells in two mutant forms.
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