In a lewis structure of a molecule, we place the valance electrons of the bonded atoms around them. Then the shared pair or bond pair electrons between the bonded atoms are joined and represented as a line.
whereas the nonbonding electrons called lone pairs are kept as a pair of dots around them. Now we know the valance electrons of any halogen is 7. So each halogen needs only 1 more electron to complete its octet. Hence on X2, each X-atom will share one of the electrons to form a single bond as in the image.
Halogens exist as simple molecules. Each molecule contains two halogen atoms joined by a single covalent bond. The table shows the color and physical state of chlorine, bromine, and iodine at room temperature. The word halogen means a salt-forming compound. All halogens have 7 electrons in their valence shell.
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