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This chart shows the populations in rural and urban areas from 1870 to 1900.

Rural and Urban Populations in the United States, 1870-1900
Year Rural Urban
1870 28,656,010 9,902,361
1880 36,059,474 14,129,735
1890 40,873,501 22,106,265
1900 45,997,336 30,214,832
What were the main causes of the trend in this chart? Select two that apply.

1. immigration
2. decline of the railroad
decline of the railroad
3. industrialization
4. rise in labor unions
5. land grants