Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, are small, wingless, sapsucking insects that live on plants. They evade predators (such as ladybugs) by dropping off. A study examined the mechanism of aphid drops. Researchers placed aphids on a leaf positioned at four different heights (in centimeters, cm) above a surface covered with petroleum jelly. When a ladybug was introduced, the aphids dropped, and the petroleum jelly helped capture their landing posture (upright or not). Each aphid performed this experiment only once. The findings are given in the table. Dropping Hcight Landing Posture3 cm 5 cm10 cm20cm Upright Not upright Sample size 20 23 10 30 30 27 29 30 30 To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format: Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSV CrunchIt! The null hypothesis "no relationship" says that in the population of aphids, the proportions that land upright are the same when the dropping height is 3, 5, 10, and 20 cm. The two-way table contains expected cell counts if this hypothesis is true Landing Posture 3 cm5 cm10 cm 20 cm Total 24.75 24.75 24.75 24.75 99 Not upright 5.255.255.255.255.25 30 30 30 30 30 Upright Total (a) Use the tables to calculate the value of the chi-square statistic. (Enter your answer rounded to three decimal places.) 223.359 Question Source Baldi4e- The Practice Of Statistics In The Life Sciences Publisher: W.H. Freeman