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The principles of individual rights, freedom, consent of the governed, political equality, and equality before the law form the foundation of liberalism, a political and moral philosophy. Depending on how they interpret these guiding ideas, liberals hold a variety of positions.
The principles of individual rights, freedom, consent of the governed, political equality, and equality before the law form the foundation of liberalism, a political and moral philosophy. Depending on how they interpret these guiding ideas, liberals hold a variety of positions. The majority of them do, however, favour private property, market economies, individual rights (including civil and human rights), liberal democracies, secularism, the rule of law, economic and political freedom, freedom of speech and the press, freedom of assembly, and freedom of religion. It is usually stated that liberalism is the dominating ideology of our day. In the Age of Enlightenment, liberalism emerged as a distinct movement and gained acceptance among Western philosophers and economists. Representative democracy and the rule of law were to take the place of the hereditary privilege, state religion, absolute monarchy, monarchs' divine right, and conventional conservatism norms. Liberals also abolished mercantilist laws, monopolies held by the monarch, and other commercial restraints, advocating for free trade and marketization in their place. John Locke, a philosopher, is frequently credited for establishing liberalism as a unique tradition based on the social compact. Locke claimed that each man has a natural right to life, liberty, and property, and that governments cannot infringe on this right. French liberalism has placed a strong emphasis on rejecting authoritarianism and is associated with nation-building, in contrast to the British liberal tradition, which has prioritized advancing democracy.
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