Answer: The percentage of ancient Egyptians who were soldiers is not definitively known, as historical records from that era are incomplete and estimates vary. However, historians generally agree that the military made up a relatively small portion of the population.
Explanation:
1. Population Estimates:
- Ancient Egypt's population during the New Kingdom period, which lasted from around 1550 to 1070 BCE, is estimated to have been between 3 and 5 million people.
2. Military Size:
- Historical records and archaeological evidence suggest that the Egyptian military was relatively small compared to the total population. Estimates of the number of soldiers vary, but during times of large-scale military campaigns, the army could have consisted of tens of thousands of soldiers.
- For instance, during the reign of Ramses II (1279–1213 BCE), who is known for his military campaigns, the army might have had around 20,000 soldiers.
3. Percentage Calculation:
If we take an upper estimate of 5 million people for the total population and an upper estimate of 20,000 soldiers during peak times, we can calculate the percentage:
[
\text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Number of Soldiers}}{\text{Total Population}} \right) \times 100
]
[
\text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{20000}{5000000} \right) \times 100 = 0.4%
]
Hence, only about 0.4% of the ancient Egyptian population were soldiers at their peak.
Factors Influencing Military Size:
- Economic Capacity: The economy could not support a large standing army. Most soldiers were likely recruited for specific campaigns and then returned to civilian life.
- Nature of Warfare: Ancient Egyptian warfare often relied on chariotry and professional soldiers for key battles, with additional conscription during major campaigns.
