Stephen, a collector of butterflies, attempted to net a butterfly on the beach on Hilton Head Island. As he tried to net the butterfly, it took off and flew into the path of a small bird 50 feet away, which attempted to eat it . The small bird then flew into the eyesight of a cat, which was 100 feet away, which then took a leap out of a tree and attempted to eat the bird but missed it, landing directly into the middle of the wedding cake that Sarah, who was marrying John, was cutting during their wedding ceremony nearby. The cat scrambled out of the cake and kicked bits of cake all over Sarah and then ran wildly through the wedding, scratching several bridesmaids and groomsmen and destroying most of the decorations at the wedding. Several guests, including the photographer with all his expensive equipment, fell into a nearby swimming pool while trying to catch the cat. With respect'to Sarah and John and their ruined wedding, in what manner is Stephen the cause of their damages and is he going to be liable to them?

a. Stephen is the proximate cause only and will not be liable.
b. Stephen is the cause - in - fact only and will not be liable.
c. Stephen is the cause - in - fact only and will be liable.
d. Stephen is the cause - in - fact and proximate cause and will be liable.