Sample surveys and observational studies differ in their data collection methods and generalizability to the larger population in research studies.
A sample survey collects data from relatively large samples, allowing for easier generalization to the larger population but may have limited information due to self-reported data. On the other hand, an observational study measures characteristics in a sample without manipulating variables, providing a snapshot of data that may be limited in generalizability based on sample size and randomness.
Observational studies in human biology often rely on observational methods to measure characteristics without manipulating variables of interest. In contrast, surveys are common data-gathering methods in sociology, enabling researchers to gather information from random samples to make informed generalizations about the larger population.
Ability to generalize data from sample surveys and observational studies differs due to the methods of data collection and manipulation, impacting the extent of applicability to the broader population.
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