Final answer:
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and the Gentleman's Agreement with Japan were laws restricting immigration based on nationality and race.
Explanation:
Chinese Exclusion Act: Passed in 1882, this law suspended Chinese immigration, leading to the exclusion of laborers explicitly based on race or ethnicity.
Gentleman's Agreement: The agreement with Japan in 1907 restricted Japanese immigration by informal agreement rather than official law.
Immigration Restrictions: Acts like the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited immigration based on nationality, reflecting nativist sentiment and anti-Asian discrimination.
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