To determine the period during which both Africa and South America were located south of the equator, we need to consider the geological history and the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Gondwana was a massive landmass that included what are now Africa and South America, among other continents.
The breakup of Gondwana is a well-documented event in Earth's history, and it provides key insights into the relative positioning of these continents at various times. Geological and paleogeographic research indicates that the breakup of Gondwana began roughly between 140 to 120 million years ago. This event caused the different landmasses, including Africa and South America, to start drifting apart.
In the context of this geological timeframe, the period during which Africa and South America were inferred to be south of the equator would align with the estimated timing of the initial stages of Gondwana’s breakup. Given the options provided:
1. 59 million years ago (mya) would be too recent since the continents would have significantly moved from their initial positions.
2. 119 million years ago (mya) is within the range of the Gondwana breakup and thus a probable timeframe.
3. 232 million years ago (mya) would be before the breakup.
4. 359 million years ago (mya) is far too early as it precedes the formation of Gondwana as well.
Therefore, the most probable period when Africa and South America were located south of the equator is 119 million years ago (mya).
The correct answer is:
2. 119 mya
