Final answer:
Social loafing is the phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in groups. This behavior escalates as group size grows due to perceptions of individual impact on outcomes or unequal contributions.
Explanation:
Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to put in less effort when working in a group context. This phenomenon was first noted by French agricultural engineer Max Ringelmann in 1913. As group size increases, the social loafing effect intensifies, with individuals rationalizing their reduced effort through beliefs like 'My own effort won't impact the outcome' or 'Others aren't pulling their weight, so why should I?' (Karau & Williams, 1993).
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