Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, while passive transport moves molecules along their gradient without energy expenditure. The two types of transport differ in energy requirements and mechanisms.
Active transport requires energy to transfer solutes against their concentration gradient. It is facilitated by carrier proteins and uses ATP as an energy source. An example of active transport is the sodium-potassium pump, which moves ions against their gradient.
Passive transport involves movement of molecules from higher to lower concentration without energy expenditure. Diffusion is an example of passive transport where particles move along their gradient.
In active transport, energy is required, while passive transport does not need energy. Key differences include the direction of molecule movement and the involvement of carrier proteins.
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