Evaluate the medical histories and breast cancer risk of this profile, and estimate how they might reduce their risks.
Nora: She is a 51-year-old, pre-menopausal woman. Her last bilateral mammogram showed no evidence of a mass. She had her first period at the age of 13. She has had two pregnancies, each resulting in the birth of a child, the first of which was at age 32. She used oral contraceptives for six years. She has not taken any hormone-replacement therapy (HRT). She smoked until age 26. She consumes 1-4 alcoholic drinks per week. Her mother had breast cancer at 48 years of age, and now has lymphoma (at age 72). Her maternal grandmother had breast cancer at age 47, and died of lung cancer. Her paternal first cousin currently has breast cancer. Her paternal aunt died "at a young age" from breast cancer. Her father was of Ashkenazi Jewish heritage, and died of colon cancer at 66 years of age.