Water molecules exhibit different behaviors in ice, liquid water, and water vapor due to hydrogen bonding. Ice's less dense structure compared to liquid water is a result of the molecules forming a crystalline structure.
Molecules in ice are joined in an ordered structure, whereas in liquid water, molecules are attracted to each other but not ordered. In the case of water vapor, molecules are not stuck together.
This unique behavior is due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules. In ice, the molecules form a crystalline structure maintained by hydrogen bonding, which makes ice less dense than liquid water. In liquid water, hydrogen bonds constantly form and break as the water molecules move and slide past each other, causing unique chemical characteristics.
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