Two different students conduct a coin flipping experiment with a left-tailed alternative. They obtain the following test statistics:
Student 1: 2 =-2.05
Student 2: z =-1.28
Which of the test statistics has a smaller p-value and why?
a) The smaller p-value belongs to student #1 with a z-score of -2.05. This value is farther from 0. so there is less area in the tail of the Normal curve and the associated probability is smaller.
b) The smaller p-value belongs to student #2 with az-score of -1.28. This value is closer to 0. so there is more area in the tail of the Normal curve and the associated probability is smaller.
c) The associated p-values are equal. Both test statistics are negative and below the mean. Therefore, both are extreme outliers with very small p-values.
d) Since we do not have each student's sample, the size of the p-values cannot be determined. More information is needed.