Strayer & Johnston (2001). Driving to distraction.In the second experiment, participants were asked to either repeat (shadow) or generate a new word (word generation) based on what they heard on the phone. It was found that:
A.Shadowing interferes with driving on an easy course, but word generation interferes with driving on a difficult course
B.Shadowing interferes with both the easy and the difficult courses
C.Word generation produces virtually no interference on either the easy or the difficult course
D.Word generation interferes with driving more than shadowing does, especially when driving on a difficult course