Neurons are essential cells in the nervous system that transmit electrical signals through depolarization and action potentials. Neurotransmitters facilitate signal transmission across synapses, while the peripheral nervous system is responsible for sensory and motor functions. Nervous system diseases and the structure/function of sensory organs like the eyes and ears are also key aspects of understanding neuroscience.
Neurons are the functional cell types in the nervous system that transmit electrical signals. They consist of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Resting potential is maintained through ion concentration gradients and selective ion channels like Na+/K+ pumps.
An action potential is generated when a neuron is depolarized, reaching a threshold, leading to Na+ influx and K+ efflux. Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in transmitting signals across a synapse by binding to receptor sites.
The peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and autonomic divisions, responsible for sensory input and motor output. Diseases of the nervous system can range from Alzheimer's to multiple sclerosis. The eyes and ears are sensory organs that capture and process visual and auditory stimuli.
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