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Final answer:
A comparison of Mesopotamian and Indus Valley civilizations in society, religion, science, art, and trade reveals both similarities and differences.
Explanation:
Comparison of Mesopotamian and Indus Valley Civilizations
- Society: Mesopotamia had a more hierarchical social structure with kings and priests at the top, while the Indus Valley Civilization was more egalitarian with planned settlements.
- Religion: Both civilizations had polytheistic beliefs, but Mesopotamians worshiped gods like Enlil and Ishtar, while the Indus Valley people possibly worshiped a mother goddess.
- Science and Script: Mesopotamians developed cuneiform script and made astronomical observations, while the Indus Valley script remains undeciphered, and their scientific accomplishments are less known.
- Art and Culture: Both civilizations excelled in art, but the Indus Valley art focused more on seals and figurines, while Mesopotamian art depicted monumental architecture and relief sculptures.
- Trade and Commerce: Both engaged in trade, with Mesopotamians trading precious metals and goods, while the Indus Valley traded in beads, pottery, and other goods.
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