Albert Einstein provided a groundbreaking explanation for the photoelectric effect through his use of the following equation:
[tex]\[ E = h \times v \][/tex]
where:
- [tex]\(E\)[/tex] is the energy of the emitted electron,
- [tex]\(h\)[/tex] is Planck's constant, and
- [tex]\(v\)[/tex] is the frequency of the incident light.
This equation directly relates the energy of the emitted electrons to the frequency of the incoming photons that strike the material. According to Einstein's theory, when light of sufficient frequency shines on a material, such as a metal, it provides the energy needed for electrons to be ejected from the material.
Given the multiple choices provided:
1. [tex]\( E = \frac{h}{v} \)[/tex] – This equation incorrectly relates energy, Planck's constant, and frequency.
2. [tex]\( E = h \times v \)[/tex] – This is the correct equation used by Einstein to explain the photoelectric effect.
3. [tex]\( E = \frac{\nu}{h} \)[/tex] – This equation is also incorrect.
4. [tex]\( E = h - v \)[/tex] – This equation does not correctly represent the relationship between energy, Planck's constant, and frequency.
Thus, the correct choice is:
[tex]\[ \boxed{2} \][/tex]
