Final answer:
During the Middle Ages in Europe, the fundamental social classes were serf peasants and feudal lords, influencing the social hierarchy and economic dynamics.
Explanation:
During the Middle Ages in Europe, the two fundamental social classes were:
- Campesinos siervos (serf peasants): They were obligated to work the land of the noble feudal lords in exchange for protection but had limited freedom and income.
- Señores feudales (feudal lords): They were the landowners and the ruling class, controlling the lives of the serfs and enjoying privileges and power.
This feudal structure dominated the social hierarchy, with the emergence of a new middle class in urban areas due to economic shifts and the decline of feudalism over time.
Learn more about Middle Ages social classes in Europe here:
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