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Sagot :
To address the question, let's analyze the given statements within the context of alleles and genotype ratios generated from the described Punnett squares.
### Examination of Punnett Squares
#### First Generation:
[tex]\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline & t & t \\ \hline T & Tt & Tt \\ \hline T & Tt & Tt \\ \hline \end{array} \][/tex]
In the first generation's Punnett square, we have one parent with alleles [tex]$T$[/tex] (tall stem) and another with alleles [tex]$t$[/tex] (short stem). The genotype outcomes are all [tex]$Tt$[/tex], implying heterozygous plants and phenotypically tall stems since [tex]$T$[/tex] is the dominant allele.
#### Second Generation:
[tex]\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline & T & t \\ \hline T & TT & Tt \\ \hline t & Tt & tt \\ \hline \end{array} \][/tex]
In the second generation's Punnett square, we are crossing a heterozygous [tex]$Tt$[/tex] with another heterozygous [tex]$Tt$[/tex]. The outcomes are as follows:
- [tex]$TT$[/tex] (Tall stem, homozygous dominant)
- [tex]$Tt$[/tex] (Tall stem, heterozygous)
- [tex]$Tt$[/tex] (Tall stem, heterozygous)
- [tex]$tt$[/tex] (Short stem, homozygous recessive)
### Analysis of Statements
1. Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait.
- True. As illustrated in the second generation's Punnett square, only plants with genotype [tex]$tt$[/tex] (homozygous recessive) have short stems.
2. Plants with tall stems are always homozygous for that trait.
- False. Plants with tall stems can be either homozygous dominant ([tex]$TT$[/tex]) or heterozygous ([tex]$Tt$[/tex]), both of which result in a tall phenotype due to the presence of the dominant allele [tex]$T$[/tex].
3. Both parent plants in second generation are heterozygous.
- True. The second-generation Punnett square results from crossing two [tex]$Tt$[/tex] plants, so both parents in this generation indeed have a heterozygous genotype.
4. Both parent plants in second generation are homozygous.
- False. As established, both parent plants in the second generation are heterozygous ([tex]$Tt$[/tex]).
### Conclusion
Given these explanations, the two correct statements, based on the analysis of the genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes derived from the Punnett squares, are:
1. Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait.
2. Both parent plants in second generation are heterozygous.
Thus, the correct answer to which two statements are true about the genotype of the plant's stem length is:
[tex]\[ (True, False, False, False) \][/tex]
### Examination of Punnett Squares
#### First Generation:
[tex]\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline & t & t \\ \hline T & Tt & Tt \\ \hline T & Tt & Tt \\ \hline \end{array} \][/tex]
In the first generation's Punnett square, we have one parent with alleles [tex]$T$[/tex] (tall stem) and another with alleles [tex]$t$[/tex] (short stem). The genotype outcomes are all [tex]$Tt$[/tex], implying heterozygous plants and phenotypically tall stems since [tex]$T$[/tex] is the dominant allele.
#### Second Generation:
[tex]\[ \begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline & T & t \\ \hline T & TT & Tt \\ \hline t & Tt & tt \\ \hline \end{array} \][/tex]
In the second generation's Punnett square, we are crossing a heterozygous [tex]$Tt$[/tex] with another heterozygous [tex]$Tt$[/tex]. The outcomes are as follows:
- [tex]$TT$[/tex] (Tall stem, homozygous dominant)
- [tex]$Tt$[/tex] (Tall stem, heterozygous)
- [tex]$Tt$[/tex] (Tall stem, heterozygous)
- [tex]$tt$[/tex] (Short stem, homozygous recessive)
### Analysis of Statements
1. Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait.
- True. As illustrated in the second generation's Punnett square, only plants with genotype [tex]$tt$[/tex] (homozygous recessive) have short stems.
2. Plants with tall stems are always homozygous for that trait.
- False. Plants with tall stems can be either homozygous dominant ([tex]$TT$[/tex]) or heterozygous ([tex]$Tt$[/tex]), both of which result in a tall phenotype due to the presence of the dominant allele [tex]$T$[/tex].
3. Both parent plants in second generation are heterozygous.
- True. The second-generation Punnett square results from crossing two [tex]$Tt$[/tex] plants, so both parents in this generation indeed have a heterozygous genotype.
4. Both parent plants in second generation are homozygous.
- False. As established, both parent plants in the second generation are heterozygous ([tex]$Tt$[/tex]).
### Conclusion
Given these explanations, the two correct statements, based on the analysis of the genotypes and their corresponding phenotypes derived from the Punnett squares, are:
1. Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait.
2. Both parent plants in second generation are heterozygous.
Thus, the correct answer to which two statements are true about the genotype of the plant's stem length is:
[tex]\[ (True, False, False, False) \][/tex]
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