The answer explains classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning, providing examples for each.
Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus to evoke a reflexive response. An example is when a bell (neutral stimulus) is repeatedly rung before feeding a dog (meaningful stimulus), causing the dog to salivate at the sound of the bell alone.
Operant conditioning involves learning through consequences, where behavior is strengthened by reinforcement or diminished by punishment. For instance, a student studies hard to receive good grades (reinforcement) or stops talking in class to avoid detention (punishment).
Observational learning occurs when individuals learn by watching others' behaviors and the consequences of those behaviors. A child learns to tie their shoes by observing a parent's actions and the successful outcome.
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