Potassium's greater size and selectivity against sodium ions make it more active than sodium, influenced by ion concentration gradients and ionization energy differences between Group 1 and Group 2 elements.
Potassium is more active than sodium despite belonging to the same group due to its larger size, which makes it harder for sodium ions to pass through potassium channels. This selectivity against sodium ions helps favor potassium ions, and additional factors come into play to maintain the concentration differences between the two ions.
In the resting state, the concentration gradients and charge differentials across the cell membrane influence the movement of sodium and potassium. The sodium-potassium pump actively transports these ions, contributing to maintaining the electrochemical balance within the cell.
The reactivity of elements from Group 1, such as potassium, compared to Group 2 elements is attributed to differences in ionization energy. Group 1 elements have lower ionization energies, making them more prone to losing electrons and displaying higher reactivity.
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