Elements in the same group of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior due to their electron configurations.
The elements in groups (vertical columns) of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
For example, as we move down a group, the metallic character of the atoms increases. Oxygen, at the top of Group 16 (6A), is a colorless gas; in the middle of the group, selenium is a semiconducting solid; and, toward the bottom, polonium is a silver-grey solid that conducts electricity.
Elements from the same group often have similar physical and chemical properties due to their electron patterns, which determine their chemical behavior in reactions.
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