deductive reasoning: when you move from things you know or assume to be true - called 'premises' - to conclusions that must follow from them.


If Socrates is human, then Socrates is mortal
Socrates is human.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.











Is this argument valid?




Define variables to statements here:
Susie is either a nurse or a gardener ( but not both).

If she carries a shovel, then she’s a gardener.

Susie is a nurse.

Therefore, in conclusion, Susie does not carry a shovel.

The above argument in
logical terms:_____________________________________________________

n g s




















 Is this column a tautology?
Define variables to statements here:
If Socrates is human, then Socrates is mortal
Socrates is human.
Therefore, Socrates is mortal.


Can you prove it to be valid using the Rules of Inference?

please give truth table on these questions