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Sagot :
Let's analyze the given chemical reaction:
[tex]\[ 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O \][/tex]
### Breaking Down the Reaction:
1. Reactants: We start with 2 molecules of hydrogen gas ([tex]\(H_2\)[/tex]) and 1 molecule of oxygen gas ([tex]\(O_2\)[/tex]).
2. Products: The result of the reaction is 2 molecules of water ([tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex]).
### Key Points of the Reaction:
1. Bond Breaking in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] and [tex]\(O_2\)[/tex]:
- The [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms connected by a single covalent bond, which is broken during the reaction.
- The [tex]\(O_2\)[/tex] molecule consists of two oxygen atoms connected by a double covalent bond, which is also broken during the reaction.
2. Formation of New Bonds:
- Once the [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] and [tex]\(O_2\)[/tex] bonds are broken, new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms to create water ([tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex]).
- Each water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms each sharing an electron with the central oxygen atom, forming two single covalent bonds.
3. Electron Sharing:
- In the [tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex] molecule, each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom. The oxygen atom shares two of its electrons—one with each hydrogen atom.
### Examining the Statements:
- The hydrogen nucleus loses protons.
- This statement is incorrect. During this reaction, hydrogen atoms do not lose protons; they participate in bond formation by sharing electrons.
- The oxygen nucleus gains protons.
- This statement is also incorrect. Oxygen atoms do not gain protons in this reaction. They engage in bond formation by sharing electrons with hydrogen atoms.
- The bond in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] is broken, and new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- This statement is correct. As we analyzed, the [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] bonds are broken, and new bonds are formed with oxygen atoms to create [tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex].
- Each electron associated with a hydrogen atom is shared with an oxygen atom.
- This statement is correct. In [tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex], each hydrogen atom shares an electron with the oxygen atom, ensuring bond formation.
### Conclusion:
Based on our analysis, the changes that occur in the reaction indicated by the equation:
[tex]\[ 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O \][/tex]
can be summarized as:
- The bond in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] is broken, and new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- Each electron associated with a hydrogen atom is shared with an oxygen atom.
Thus, the correct changes to check are:
1. The bond in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] is broken, and new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
2. Each electron associated with a hydrogen atom is shared with an oxygen atom.
So, the applicable changes are:
[tex]\[ [3, 4] \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O \][/tex]
### Breaking Down the Reaction:
1. Reactants: We start with 2 molecules of hydrogen gas ([tex]\(H_2\)[/tex]) and 1 molecule of oxygen gas ([tex]\(O_2\)[/tex]).
2. Products: The result of the reaction is 2 molecules of water ([tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex]).
### Key Points of the Reaction:
1. Bond Breaking in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] and [tex]\(O_2\)[/tex]:
- The [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms connected by a single covalent bond, which is broken during the reaction.
- The [tex]\(O_2\)[/tex] molecule consists of two oxygen atoms connected by a double covalent bond, which is also broken during the reaction.
2. Formation of New Bonds:
- Once the [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] and [tex]\(O_2\)[/tex] bonds are broken, new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms to create water ([tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex]).
- Each water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms each sharing an electron with the central oxygen atom, forming two single covalent bonds.
3. Electron Sharing:
- In the [tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex] molecule, each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom. The oxygen atom shares two of its electrons—one with each hydrogen atom.
### Examining the Statements:
- The hydrogen nucleus loses protons.
- This statement is incorrect. During this reaction, hydrogen atoms do not lose protons; they participate in bond formation by sharing electrons.
- The oxygen nucleus gains protons.
- This statement is also incorrect. Oxygen atoms do not gain protons in this reaction. They engage in bond formation by sharing electrons with hydrogen atoms.
- The bond in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] is broken, and new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- This statement is correct. As we analyzed, the [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] bonds are broken, and new bonds are formed with oxygen atoms to create [tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex].
- Each electron associated with a hydrogen atom is shared with an oxygen atom.
- This statement is correct. In [tex]\(H_2O\)[/tex], each hydrogen atom shares an electron with the oxygen atom, ensuring bond formation.
### Conclusion:
Based on our analysis, the changes that occur in the reaction indicated by the equation:
[tex]\[ 2H_2 + O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O \][/tex]
can be summarized as:
- The bond in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] is broken, and new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
- Each electron associated with a hydrogen atom is shared with an oxygen atom.
Thus, the correct changes to check are:
1. The bond in [tex]\(H_2\)[/tex] is broken, and new bonds are formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
2. Each electron associated with a hydrogen atom is shared with an oxygen atom.
So, the applicable changes are:
[tex]\[ [3, 4] \][/tex]
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