Classical conditioning involves acquisition of learned associations, extinction of learned responses, and stimulus discrimination for differentiation of similar stimuli.
Acquisition is the period of initial learning in classical conditioning where a neutral stimulus is connected to an unconditioned stimulus, leading to the neutral stimulus eliciting the conditioned response. It involves linking the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. For example, associating the sound of an ice cream truck (neutral stimulus) with the taste of chocolate ice cream (unconditioned stimulus).
Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the fading of the conditioned response. It weakens the learned association. Stimulus discrimination is when an organism learns to respond differently to various similar stimuli, showing the conditioned response only to the conditioned stimulus, such as discriminating between different tones predicting food for animals like Pavlov's dogs.
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